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Learning Objectives:

Understand binding and typing and namespaces
Understand variable scope
Be able to identify both static and dynamic scope
Understand basic types and their implementation
Know implementation of arrays
Be able to program and/or trace simple FORTRAN, Python, C

Variables=(name,address,value,type,lifetime,scope)
Aliases, binding and binding times
Names: case-sensitivity, length, style (_ vs. camel), reserved or not
Addresses can vary (think stack-dynamic and redeclarations); meaning of l-value
Type as range of values and applicable operations; abstract vs. physical memory cells
Binding times: language-design, language-implementation, compile-time, link/load/run-time
Static vs. dynamic; physical mapping (segmentation/paging etc.) abstracted away...
Understand explicit and implicit static type binding
Distinguish declaration from definition
Understand an example of dynamic type binding
Four categories of storage binding: static, stack-dynamic, explicit and implicit heap-dynamic
History/structural sensitivity of static variables; lifetime
Relationship of scope to stack-dynamic lifetime
Advantages and disadvantages of explicit heap-dynamic variables
Implicity heap-dynamic management; garbage collection
Static type checking, coercion and dynamic type checking (think virtual)
Strong typing examples and nearly strong typing; advantage and disadvantage
Type compatibility and type equivalence (name vs. structural)
Static scope rules and static ancestry; follow an exmple of name-resolution using scope; application to blocks
Hiding possibilities of scope and evaluation of this
Problems with static scope include forcing programs into unusual configurations
Dynamic scope rules and dynamic ancestry; follow an example of name-resolution given a sequence of calls
Referencing environments (know definition) (just another way of capturing scope)
Primitive data types vs. user-defined data types
Basic information about these data types:
Integer
Floating-point
Decimal
Boolean
Character
Character strings: array or built-in or object, null-termination and associated errors, regular expressions for pattern matching
Character strings: static or dynamic length and associated bookkeeping, three styles of storage management for dynamic
What is an enumeration type? Know the three design issues on p. 259
What are subrange types? How do they differ from derived types in terms of type checking?
Know the points made in section 6.4.3
Know the design issues for array types on p. 263
Why does Fortran choose to use the same syntax for array indexing as for function calls?
What is involved in subscript range checking? Must it be done? Do all languages do it?
How is array initialization handled in different languages?
What is a static array?
What is a fixed stack-dynamic array? What is an advantage of using them?
What is a stack-dynamic array?
What is a fixed heap-dynamic array?
What is a heap-dynamic array?
(In all of these, what are the binding times of indices and storage?)
How are declare blocks in Ada used with stack-dynamic arrays on p. 266
What keywords or function calls are used in C/C++ for allocation and deallocation of fixed heap-dynamic arrays?
How are arrays handled in Java?
Be familiar with the various initialization methods in section 6.5.5
What kinds of operations are typical for arrays?
What is a slice of an array (give a specific example)?
Given a two-dimensional array, show how the address of an element is computed from the indices and element type
What are row-major and column-major order? Be able to show the difference in an example
What is an associative array?

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